INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH CHAPTER 23

Tyre was one of the two greatest cities in the world. As great in that day as N.Y. or London of our day. Tyre was situated midway between the east and the west, and at the junction of three continents, they carried on the trade of the world. The Mediterranean became the mere highway of their commerce. They passed the Strait of Gibraltar on one hand, and reached India on the other. They settled Cyprus, Sicily, and Sardinia. In Spain they founded Gades (now Cadiz); and in Africa, Utica and Carthage, the latter destined to be in time the dreaded rival of Rome. They planted depots on the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. They obtained tin from The British Isles, amber from the Baltic, silver from Tarshish (southern Spain) and gold from southeastern Arabia. They carried on vast mining operations, and were marvelous workers in ivory, pottery, and the metals, so that their bronzes and painted vases became the models of early Grecian art. Sidon was noted for its glass working, in which the blowpipe, lathe, and graver were used. The costly purple dye of Tyre, obtained in minute drops from shellfish, was famous, the rarest and most beautiful shade being worn only by kings.

For years the armed forces of other nations had attacked this proud city but always unsuccessful. Very soon after this prophecy there was a 13-year siege by Nebuchadnezzar. (See Josephus) Nebuchadnezzar took the city, demolished the mainland. The people fled to the island located ½ mile off shore. Cf. 27:4; 28:2. The mainland became known as Old Tyre and the island as New Tyre.

Nebuchadnezzar made himself master of Tyre, after a siege of thirteen years continuance, and utterly destroyed the place, that is, the city which was on the continent; the ruins of which were afterwards called Palae Tyrus, or Old Tyre. But, before it came to this extremity, the inhabitants had removed most of their effects into an island about half a mile distant from the shore, and there built them a new city. And therefore, when Neabuchadnezzar entered that, which he had so long besieged, he found little there wherewith to reward his soldiers in the spoil of the place, which they had so long labored to take; and therefore wreaking his anger upon the buildings, and the few inhabitants who were left in them, he razed the whole town to the ground, and slew all he found therein. After this it never more recovered it former glory; but the city on the island became the Tyre that was afterward so famous by that name; the other on the continent never arising any higher than to become a village by the name of Old Tyre, as was before said. (Prideaux’s Connection 1676 Page 127)

Today, a small new town called Sur in a different location out in the Peninsula and inhabited by a few fisherman. It is erroneously designated as Tyre by some maps, but is not Tyre. It is not on the sight of Ancient Tyre. Ancient Tyre has never been rebuilt. It was predicted that Tyre would be forgotten for 70 years. Jer. 25:11,12. ^“This whole country will become a desolate wasteland, and these nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy years. But when the seventy years are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon and his nation, the land of the Babylonians, for their guilt,” declares the LORD, “and will make it desolate forever.”

In the year 606 B.C. King Nebuchadnezzar had invaded the nation of Judah. The Jews were conquered and taken captive to Babylon between 606 and 580 BC. The people of Tyre were looking with greedy eyes upon Judah, and they were making plans on going down and taking part of the spoil now that their rival king had invaded and conquered it.

250 years later, Alexander the Great accomplished the reduction of Tyre. He built a causeway 200 feet wide and ½ mile long to the island. Thus turning the island into a peninsula scaled the wall and conquered the people. After a siege of 7 months the city was captured, 8,000 citizens were slaughtered, 2,000 crucified and 30,000 sold into slavery. Alexander performed a feet of military ingenuity by building a 2,000 ft, mole in the sea. To safeguard operations, mobile protective shields, so called ‘tortoises’ had to be employed. Despite this the construction was greatly hindered by and incessant hail of missiles. Meantime engineers on shore were building mobile protective towers many stories high. They were the highest siege towers ever used in the history of war. A drawbridge on front enabled a surprise attack to be made on the enemy’s wall. Each of them was one hundred and sixty feet high. When these monsters were prepared they were rolled toward the walls of Tyre. The impregnable Tyre met with fate at Alexander’s hand

Josephus places the settlement of Tyre 240 years before the building of Solomon’s Temple. Pliney, who wrote when its boundaries could still be traced, computes the circuit of Palae-Tyrus and the island together at nineteen Roman miles. Tyre offered a qualified surrender to Alexander the Great, which did not satisfy the haughty Macedonian, and he instantly laid siege to the city. Having no adequate fleet with which to reach the island-town, he resolved to carry a causeway across the channel, which separated the island from Old Tyre, on the mainland, and he demolished the buildings of the latter to provide materials for the work. It was an undertaking of immense magnitude and difficulty, and the ingenious Tyreians found many modes of interfering with it. They succeeded in destroying the mole when half of it had been built; but Alexander, with obstinate perseverance, began his work anew, on a larger scale than before. He also collected a strong fleet of war-galleys, from Cyprus and from the Phoenicians who had submitted to him, with which the opposition of the enemy was checked and his own operations advanced. (History for Ready Reference 1895 Vol 5 p. 3159-3160)

The prophets not only foretold the overthrow of old Tyre, but also of this new city, built, as it were, “in the midst of the sea.” Ezek 27:32 “As they wail and mourn over you, they will take up a lament concerning you: ‘Who was ever silenced like Tyre, surrounded by the sea?’” Isaiah makes it clear that Tyre was located on an island when he says: “Howl ye inhabitants of the isle.” Isa 23:6 “Cross over to Tarshish; wail, you people of the island.”

Zechariah says that Tyre heaped up gold and silver like dirt on the streets and that she was a sea power and would be consumed by fire. Zech 9:3,4 “Tyre has built herself a stronghold; she has heaped up silver like dust, and gold like the dirt of the streets. But the Lord will take away her possessions and destroy her power on the sea, and she will be consumed by fire.”

This new city was truly a strong hold, for not only was her walls 150 feet in height but she was located on an island a half mile from shore making it impossible for other nations to attack her. Ezekiel also plainly predicts, that the second destruction of Tyre should be by fire. Ezek 28:18. By your many sins and dishonest trade you have desecrated your sanctuaries. So I made a fire come out from you, and it consumed you, and I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the sight of all who were watching.

“Accordingly, Alexander the Great besieged and took the city, and set it on fire. Alexander’s Evidences of Christianity, 1836 p 155 (Professor at Princeton Seminary)

Cotovicus, a Dutch traveler, who visited Syria in 1598, writes, “that this city so often restored after being overthrown, now at length appears to be utterly ruined; so that it has ceased to be any longer a city, and only some inconsiderable vestiges of her former ruins are now visible. If you except a few arches and baths, and some ruined walls, and collapsed towers, and mere rubbish, there is now nothing of Tyre to be discerned.” Quoted in Alexander’s Evidences of Christianity, 1836 p. 156

“This city, standing in the sea, on a peninsula, at a distance, promises something very magnificent; but when you come nearer, you find no similitude of that glory for which it was so renowned in ancient times, and which the prophet Ezekiel describes in chapters 26,27,28 of his prophecy. On the north side, it has an old ungarrisoned Turkish castle, besides which you see nothing but a mere Babel of broken walls, pillars, vaults, etc. there being not so much as one entire house left; its present inhabitants only a few poor wretches, harboring themselves in the vaults, and subsisting chiefly on fishing, who seem to be preserved in this place, by divine Providence, as a visible argument how God has fulfilled his word concerning Tyre, that it should be ‘as the top of a rock, a place for fishers to dry their nets on.’” Quoted in Alexander’s Evidences of Christianity, 1836 p. 157

Now for my commentary on the destruction of Tyre according to the Scriptures.

EXPOSITION TO ISAIAH CHAPTER 23

¹The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.

According to the Sovereign Lord they are going to tear down her walls and take a sledgehammer to her towers and leave nothing but a bare rock where fishermen will dry their nets. The Babylonians besieged Tyre for 13 years and finally broke through her stronghold and began their destruction. But Tyre had fled, along with all her riches to an island a half-mile off shore. The Babylonians had no way of reaching them. As a reward for carrying out the siege the Sovereign Lord tell Nebuchadnezzar that he will give him Egypt as a reward. “Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: I am going to give Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and he will carry off its wealth. He will loot and plunder the land as pay for his army. I have given him Egypt as a reward for his efforts because he and his army did it for me, declares the Sovereign LORD.” Ezekiel 29:19,20

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT MAKE THE CASE:

Zec 9:4 Behold, the Lord will cast her out, and he will smite her power in the sea; and she shall be devoured with fire. Read: Joe 3:4–8; Amo 1:9-10

²Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.

Notice how the word of God mentions mainland and island. All her subdivisions, villages, and sister towns will be destroyed by the sword and when it happens they will know that it was of God. This was all accomplished by the army of Nebuchadnezzar.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT INDORSE THE TEXT:

Isa 41:1 Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew their strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near together to judgment.

³And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenue; and she is a mart of nations.

You bought slaves and bronze dishes from the merchants of Greece, Tubal, and Meshech. Anyone in need of a slave could purchase one in the slave market at Tyre. Bronze is the only metal that will last where salt water is present. Therefore, all the lights, oarlocks, bolts, navigational equipment, nails and miscellaneous hardware on the ships or located in the harbors were made of bronze. Armenian feudal Lords supplied you with horses, horsemen and mules. A barter type of trade was carried on so that caravans would come loaded with goods and leave loaded with goods from other countries that came through the port of Tyre. The men of Dedan (Rhodes) traded with you. The coastlines and islands were a source of your commerce. Places in which you done business gave you ivory tusks and ebony. Syria was another of her merchants. They traded turquoise, purple dyes, fine linen, and jewelry. Judah and Israel traded wheat, wax, olive oil, and honey. Farmers from Israel shipped their produce up to Tyre. Danites and Greeks traded you wrought iron, sugarcane, cinnamon and spices. Danites were from the tribe of Dan. Uzal is now Yemen it was located on the Tygris river and was famous for sword blades. Dedan traded their expensive saddle blankets with you. By now you are beginning to see that Tyre was a world import and export city. Dedan is Ethopia.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT LEND EVIDENCE TO THE TEXT:

Eze 27:3-4 And say unto Tyrus, O thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant of the people for many isles, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O Tyrus, thou hast said, I am of perfect beauty. Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have perfected thy beauty. Read: Eze 28:2,16

⁴Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins.

This sea-going trade capital was headed for disaster. Alexander will come from the East. 250 years after this prophecy, Alexander the Great accomplished the reduction of Tyre. He built a causeway 200 feet wide and ½ mile long to the island. Thus turning the island into a peninsula scaled the wall and conquered the people. After a siege of 7 months the city was captured, 8,000 citizens were slaughtered, 2,000 crucified and 30,000 sold into slavery. Alexander performed a feet of military ingenuity by building a 2,000 ft, mole in the sea. To safeguard operations, mobile protective shields, so called ‘tortoises’ had to be employed. Despite this the construction was greatly hindered by and incessant hail of missiles. Meantime engineers on shore were building mobile protective towers many stories high. They were the highest siege towers ever used in the history of war. A drawbridge on front enabled a surprise attack to be made on the enemy’s wall. Each of them was one hundred and sixty feet high. When these monsters were prepared they were rolled toward the walls of Tyre. The impregnable Tyre met with fate at Alexander’s hand. According to prophecy Tyre was to be “broken in the heart of the sea.” When Alexander arrived Tyre was not on land but in the heart of the sea. Was there ever a prophecy fulfilled with such accuracy and detail.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT DEMONSTRATE THE TEXT:

Eze 26:3-6 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come up. And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock. It shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the sea: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD: and it shall become a spoil to the nations. And her daughters which are in the field shall be slain by the sword; and they shall know that I am the LORD. Read: Jer 47:3-4

⁵As at the report concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre.

Imports, exports, sailors, wealth, cargo, crew, captains and caulkers were headed for the bottom of the sea. When Alexander the Great finished the reduction of Tyre nothing was left standing. His army burned, plundered and pillaged the city and sunk their boats. They even destroyed the port.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT AUTHENTICATE THE TEXT:

Eze 26:15 -16 Thus saith the Lord GOD to Tyrus; Shall not the isles shake at the sound of thy fall, when the wounded cry, when the slaughter is made in the midst of thee? Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay away their robes, and put off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble at every moment, and be astonished at thee.

⁶Pass ye over to Tarshish; howl, ye inhabitants of the isle.

The whole countryside was shaken with terror. Men’s hearts were failing them for fear. The rowers, the pilots, and all the sailors come ashore because the trade has come to a sudden halt. So enraged were they that they even tore out their hair. They put on sackcloth, but it was too little too late! The prophet sees the refugees fleeing to Spain.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES THAT

ESTABLISH THE CERTAINTY OF THE TEXT:

Eze 26:15 Thus saith the Lord GOD to Tyrus; Shall not the isles shake at the sound of thy fall, when the wounded cry, when the slaughter is made in the midst of thee?

Eze 31:16 I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth

⁷Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is of ancient days? her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn.

Your homes inhabited by the rich and famous will be burnt to the ground, and what remains of your goods will be carted off to Babylon. During the 13-year siege the Tyreanians sent women and children and the larger part of their wealth to other nations. The Babylonians were disappointed to find little or no loot inside the city. However, God rewarded them by giving them Egypt.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES THAT PRESENT OVERWHELMING PROOF OF THE TEXT:

Ecc 10:7 I have seen servants upon horses, and princes walking as servants upon the earth.

⁸Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth?

Eze 28:2-6 Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyrus, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thine heart is lifted up, and thou hast said, I am a God, I sit in the seat of God, in the midst of the seas; yet thou art a man, and not God, though thou set thine heart as the heart of God: Behold, thou art wiser than Daniel; there is no secret that they can hide from thee: 4 With thy wisdom and with thine understanding thou hast gotten thee riches, and hast gotten gold and silver into thy treasures: Read: Eze 28:12-18 ;

⁹The LORD of hosts hath purposed it, to stain the pride of all glory, and to bring into contempt all the honourable of the earth.

He will bring every ruler down to the ground trembling; they will cast off their royal apparel and will be dressed in terror and dismay. They will not be able to stop trembling, they will be terrified and horror struck. The neighboring towns submitted to Babylonian and Grecian rule.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT ARE CONCLUSIVE AND FINAL:

Isa 10:33 Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled.

Isa 14:24 The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand:

¹⁰Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength.

Tyre, you are headed for the grave! You are going to everlasting ruins. They will sift thru your garbage dumps and seek to understand how you lived. They will draw a map of where you lived but no one will be living there. Today all that can be found are a few arches and baths, and some ruined walls, and collapsed towers and rubbish, there is nothing of value left at Tyre.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT RATIFY THE TEXT:

Isa 23:12 And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over to Chittim; there also shalt thou have no rest.

Job 12:21 He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the mighty.

Hag 2:22 And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother.

¹¹He stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook the kingdoms: the LORD hath given a commandment against the merchant city, to destroy the strong holds thereof.

Their countenance has changed, they are horrified and appalled and are aghast at their fate, this people was so panic-stricken that it showed it on their face. Doom has come to the people of Tyre. Alexander will capture 40,000 citizens of Tyre, 8,000 citizens will be slaughtered, 2,000 will be crucified and 30,000 will be sold as slaves. Is it any wonder that the scripture says that their kings shudder with horror and faces are distorted with fear.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT BEAR OUT THE TEXT:

¹²And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over to Chittim; there also shalt thou have no rest.

God is saying, just “wait and see!” I will bring a ruthless nation against you and then we will see if you are as strong as God. The kings of Tyre had outwitted the Babylonians by moving their possessions off shore and building a fortified city on an island where they would be secure from any army on earth. Little did they know the ingenuity of Alexander the Great.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT VERIFY THE TEXT:

Eze 26:13-14 And I will cause the noise of thy songs to cease; and the sound of thy harps shall be no more heard. And I will make thee like the top of a rock: thou shalt be a place to spread nets upon; thou shalt be built no more: for I the LORD have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.

¹³Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin.

The prophet reminds them to look at what happened to Babylon. There’s nothing left of it. It has been turned into a desert, into a refuge for wild animals their palaces have become a shelter for animals.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES THAT

SPEAK VOLUMES ABOUT THE TEXT:

Hab 1:6 For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation, which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the dwelling places that are not theirs. Read: Eze 26:7-21

¹⁴Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste.

A fleet of ships from Tarshish (Spain) came filled to the brim with merchandise and left with a load of cargo to other seaports. Now their source of exports and trading has come to an end. Here is a brief description of how the final blow happened. Alexander the Great accomplished the reduction of Tyre. He built a causeway 200 feet wide and ½ mile long to the island. Thus turning the island into a peninsula scaled the wall and conquered the people. After a siege of 7 months the city was captured, 8,000 citizens were slaughtered, 2,000 crucified and 30,000 sold into slavery. Alexander performed a feet of military ingenuity by building a 2,000 ft, mole in the sea. To safeguard operations, mobile protective shields, so called ‘tortoises’ had to be employed. Despite this the construction was greatly hindered by and incessant hail of missiles. Meantime engineers on shore were building mobile protective towers many stories high. They were the highest siege towers ever used in the history of war. A drawbridge on front enabled a surprise attack to be made on the enemy’s wall. Each of them was one hundred and sixty feet high. When these monsters were prepared they were rolled toward the walls of Tyre. The impregnable Tyre met with fate at Alexander’s hand. According to prophecy Tyre was to be “broken in the heart of the sea.” When Alexander arrived Tyre was not on land but in the heart of the sea. Was there ever a prophecy fulfilled with such accuracy and detail.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT SHED LIGHT ON THE TEXT:

Eze 27:25-30 The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas. Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind hath broken thee in the midst of the seas. Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of thy ruin. The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots.

¹⁵And it shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot.

Tyre will stage a comeback but it will be a long, long time and then it will be like the comeback of a worn out whore.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT VERIFY THE TEXT:

Jer 25:9-11 Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an hissing, and perpetual desolations. Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle. And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.

¹⁶Take an harp, go about the city, thou harlot that hast been forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be remembered.

God is going to use some irony. This type of satire will be about a comeback from captivity after 70 years of hard labor however, she will be back to her old whoring trade, selling herself to the highest bidder, doing anything with anyone̶̶̶─promiscuous with anyone─for a fee̶̶̶─singing the same old ditty.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES THAT

GIVE COUNTEREVIDENCE TO THE TEXT:

Jer 30:14 All thy lovers have forgotten thee; they seek thee not; for I have wounded thee with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of a cruel one, for the multitude of thine iniquity; because thy sins were increased. Read: Pro 7:10-12

¹⁷And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth.

She served the Babylonians for 70 years afterwards she rebuilt Tyre on the Island. Isa. 23:15-17 “At that time Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years, the span of a king’s life. But at the end of these seventy years, it will happen to Tyre as in the song of the prostitute: “Take up a harp, walk through the city, O prostitute forgotten; play the harp well, sing many a song, so that you will be remembered.” At the end of seventy years, the LORD will deal with Tyre. She will return to her hire as a prostitute and will ply her trade with all the kingdoms on the face of the earth.” Nebuchadnezzar made himself master of Tyre, after a siege of thirteen years continuance, and utterly destroyed the place, that is, the city which was on the continent; the ruins of which were afterwards called Palae Tyrus, or Old Tyre. But, before it came to this extremity, the inhabitants had removed most of their effects onto an island about half a mile distant from the shore, and there built them a new city. And therefore, when Neabuchadnezzar entered that, which he had so long besieged, he found little there wherewith to reward his soldiers in the spoil of the place, which they had so long labored to take; and therefore wreaking his anger upon the buildings, and the few inhabitants who were left in them, he razed the whole town to the ground, and slew all he found therein. After this it never more recovered it former glory; but the city on the island became the Tyre that was afterward so famous by that name; the other on the continent never arising any higher than to become a village by the name of Old Tyre, as was before said. Prideaux’s Connection 1676 Page 127,

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES

THAT CONFIRM THE TEXT:

Deu 23:18 Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of a dog, into the house of the LORD thy God for any vow: for even both these are abomination unto the LORD thy God. Read: Mic 3:11; Pro 13:22

¹⁸And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.

CROSS REFERENCE SCRIPTURES THAT

GIVE AUTHORITIVE DATA TO THE TEXT:

Her money was not stored in banks or deposited in swiss bank accounts or invested in the stock market but finally ended up in Persia where Esther comes to the throne and under Nehemiah and Ezra is used to reconstruct the temple and restore the city of Jerusalem.

Isa 60:6-7 The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring gold and incense; and they shall shew forth the praises of the LORD. All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory.

Pro 13:22 A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children’s children: and the wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just.

INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH CHAPTER 23

EXPOSITION TO ISAIAH CHAPTER 23

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